Structured Weight-Loss Programs: Meta-analysis of Weight Loss at 24 Weeks and Assessment of Effects of Intervention Intensity

Anderson JW, Luan J, Hoie LH. Advances in Therapy. 2004;21(2):61-75.

Objective

To assess the impact of intervention intensity with comparing different nutrition interventions for weight loss in obese individuals after twenty-four weeks.

Methods

Nutrition interventions were identified and analyzed: meal replacements (MRs; Slim-Fast); energy-restricted (>1500 kcal/d) diets (ERDs); low-energy (800-1500 kcal/d) diets (LEDs); soy very low energy (<800 kcal/d) diets (VLEDs) referred to as SOYs; and VLEDs. Intensity was assessed using the following parameters: physician visits, clinic visits, and hours of class over twenty-four weeks.

Results

Weight losses at twenty-four weeks as percentage of baseline weights were as follows: MRs, 9.1%; ERDs, 8.5%; LEDs, 11.4%; SOYs, 16.5%; and VLEDs, 21.3%. Weight loss with SOYs was significantly greater than with MRs and ERDs; weight loss with VLEDs was significantly greater than with any other diet.

Conclusion

Meal replacements appear very effective in promoting weight loss and are effective with a lower level of behavioral intervention than traditional behavioral programs. Women appear to lose significantly more weight than men using MRs. Meal replacements appear to be equally effective with energy-restricted diets and low-energy diets, and offer the benefit of effectiveness with lower-intensity intervention.

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