Nutrient adequacy during weight loss interventions: a randomized study in women comparing the dietary intake in a meal replacement group with a traditional food group
Ashley JM, Herzog H, Clodfelter S, Bovee V, Schrage J, Pritsos C. Nutr J. 2007;6:12-20.
Objective
To compare the macronutrient and micronutrient levels in the foods chosen by women following two different weight reduction interventions over one year.
Methods
Ninety-six overweight or obese women, ages 25-50 years, with a BMI 25-35 kg/m2, were randomized into a Traditional Food Group or a Meal Replacement Group, both following a recommended goal of 1200 kcal diet per day. The Meal Replacement Group was to replace 2 meals with a meal replacement bar or drink (such as Slim-Fast®) each day. Both groups attended the same number of total of classes and were taught by the same Registered Dietitian.
Results
After one year, the Traditional Food Group had lost on average 13.5±14.7 pounds compared to baseline and the Meal Replacement Group had lost average of 11±10.8 pounds. Although not a significant change, both groups also had a decrease in percent body fat and waist circumference. Neither group reached the targeted reduced energy intake goal of 1200 kcal/day, but the self-reported mean dietary intake did fall below the DRI Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range of 2400 kcal/day. Both groups had decreased intake of saturated fat (≤10%), cholesterol (<200 mg/day) and sodium (<2400 mg/day) with increased total servings/day of fruits and vegetables. Although both groups increased their fiber intake, neither group met the recommendation of 25 grams/day. After one year, the Meal Replacement Group’s mean intake was greater than the Traditional Food Group for 9 nutrients (vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium).
Conclusion
This study demonstrated that the group interventions were clinically sound and beneficial with weight loss and body composition changes in both groups. The group incorporating fortified meal replacements tended to have a more adequate essential nutrient intake compared to the group following a more traditional food group diet. Therefore this study stresses the importance to incorporate fortified foods and/or dietary supplements when following an energy-restricted diet for weight loss.
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